Theme: phone

There are four principal means by which an end user using a telephone handset may connect to a telephone network: a traditional fixed phone landline, which uses dedicated physical wire connections connected to a single location; wireless and radio telephones, which use either analog or digital radio signals; satellite telephones, which utilize telecommunications satellites; and voice over internet protocol telephones, which use broadband internet connections. Between end users, transmissions across a network may be carried by fiber optic cable, point to point microwave or satellite relay. Until relatively recently, a telephone generally referred only to landlines. Cordless and mobile phones are now common in many places around the world, with mobile phones expected to gradually displace the conventional landline telephone. Unlike a phone, a cordless telephone is considered to be landline because it is only useable within a short distance of a small personal or domestic base station connected to a fixed phone line. The aim is to ascertain advantages and disadvantages of phones, their evolution and new developments. Old and new – fashioned mobile phones.
Development in the world. 1849 Antonio Meucci, an Italian living in Havana, demonstrates a device later called a telephone. The demonstration involves direct electrical connections to people. Innocenzo Manzetti, a fellow Italian living in Aosta, invents an eye-rolling, flute playing automaton. 1854 Charles Bourseul publishes a description of a make-break telephone transmitter and receiver but does not construct a working instrument. 1861 Reis manages to transfer voice electrically over a distance of 340 feet, see Reis' telephone. 1864 In an attempt to give his automaton a voice, Manzetti invents the 'Speaking telegraph'. He shows no interest in patenting his device, but it is reported in newspapers worldwide. Later Meucci reads of Manzetti's invention and writes to the editors of two newspapers claiming priority and quoting...

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