United Kingdom (UK) and its culture

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has an area of 244 111 km2. It comprises the island of Great Britain – consisting of England which occupies the southern two-thirds of the island, Scotland which occupies the northern third, as well as Wales in the west, and Northern Ireland which lies in the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland. The United Kingdom is separated from the coast of western Europe by the English Channel to the south and by the North Sea to the east. To the north and west lies the Atlantic Ocean.
The population of the United Kingdom is almost 58 million, with an average population density of 239 inhabitants per km2. London has a population of almost seven million. Besides the English (80%), the Scots (9%), the Welsh (5%) and the Northern Irish (3%), the UK population includes 2.5 million foreign residents (1991) – 782 000 of these come from other countries within the Union, two thirds of them from Ireland. The population census in 1991 included – 5.5 million described themselves as belonging to a ‘non-white group. Groups included black, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Chinese.
The economy is primarily based on private enterprise, and government policy is aimed at encouraging and expanding the private sector which accounts for approximately 80% of output and 75% of employment. Older industries such as coal, iron, steel, textiles and shipbuilding are currently being reorganized to take account of the shifting patterns in world trade. The 1980s saw the development of high-technology industries and services. These new industries include satellite communications, robotics and information processing.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The sovereign is the head of State and the monarchy is hereditary. The two Houses of Parliament are the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The 651...

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