How Wine is Made

• 8. Racking
• 9. Fining
• 10. Cold Stabilization
• 11. Filtering
• 12. Bottling
1. Determining the Pick Date
• The wine-making process begins with the decision to pick the grapes. Although it may seem simple, there are many factors that contribute to this decision; weather is the most important contributing factor. If it is too hot, the grapes have to be picked at night. If a long period of rain is expected, the grapes may have to be picked before optimal maturity levels. Early frosts can have a devastating effect as well as early freezes. The grape variety, combined with wine style, will determine the pick dates. The ripeness of the grape is analyzed and judged. It is then checked for sugar level, acidity levels, pH, colour, health, seed colour, aromas and flavours.
2. Picking the Ripe Grapes
• Once the decision has been made to pick, containers are placed into the vineyard and the picking of that grape variety begins. At some vineyards, everything is picked by hand and arrives at the crush platform within eight hours of being picked. It is of great importance that the grapes arrive freshly picked. The processing starts immediately; the grapes are visually checked, weighed, and then processed.
• 3. Destemming
• The fresh grapes are tipped out of the bins and placed into the destemmer. As the name suggests, the machine removes the stems because there are astringent, bitter and tannic compounds in the stems that can transfer to the juice or wines if left in contact too long. Once destemmed, the grapes are pumped to one of three vessels (including the press) depending on the grape variety and style of wine to be made.
4. Skin Contact
• White aromatic grape varieties receive up to 24 hours of skin contact. This affects a greater release of phenolics and other compounds...

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