Athman and Brahman

1.Self (Atman) and Brahman are identical.
3.There is no doubt that Brahman exists.
This argument is deductive. A deductive argument must provide a conclusive proof of its conclusions; if the premises are true the conclusion must be also true. A deductive argument might be either valid or invalid. The first premise of the argument under consideration is false. Atman and Brahman are not completely identical. Brahman is Sanskrit originally meant “power” That specifically referred to the religious power such as power of prayer or sacrifice. These says Brahman refers to power that brings changes. Atman “Universal spirit” can be found only in spiritual and inner world, while Brahman can be found in both physical external and spiritual inner. Because of these differences it is wrong to state that first statement “Self (Atman) and Brahman are identical” is convincing or true. The second premise of the argument under consideration is true. None of us even doubt that we are and hopefully none of us ever thinks, “I am not”. This argument has the inferential claim. In order for a deductive argument to be sound, both premises must be sound. In this case the argument contains a valid inference, the first premise is false, but the second premise is true. That makes the argument unsound.
Let’s look at one of the arguments that might be an example of sound deductive argument. In the Fundamentals of the Middle Way, Nagarjuna argues as follows:
What has already happened is not now happening. What has not yet happened is not now happening. What is now happening has not already...

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